Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

Relationship of subgingival microbial complexes to clinical features at the sampled sites

Subgingival plaque samples from 100 active destructive periodontal lesions and 150 inactive subgingival sites in 33 subjects were analyzed by predominant cultivable microbiota techniques. 50 isolates were characterized from each sample and where possible, the isolate was placed in 1 of 134 microbial species or groups. The sites were clustered on the basis of the proportions of all of the species detected in each sample using a minimum similarity matching coefficient and an average unweighted linkage sort. 10 clusters containing 166 sites were formed which exhibited greater than 35% minimum similarities. All clusters were made up of sites from multiple subjects and were formed on the basis of different combinations of micro-organisms. Certain complexes of micro-organisms appeared to relate to the severity of periodontal destruction and the activity of the sampled site. The combination of F. nucleatum, B. forsyth and W. recta (cluster VII) or B. gingivalis, B. intermedius and S. intermedius (cluster VIII) distinguished clusters made up of sites which on average had the most attachment loss and the deepest pockets. These clusters contained the highest proportions of active sites and sites which lost greater than 3 mm of attachment after therapy. Clusters dominated by V. parvula (cluster III), the Actinomyces sp. (cluster X) or the combination of S. sanguis II, S. mitis, V. parvula and S. intermedius (cluster II) were made up of sites which exhibited less active disease and responded more favorably to therapy. Sites in other clusters exhibited moderate levels of prior destructive disease and disease activity status closer to the mean values for all 250 sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The roles of the N-terminal portions of various tachykinins in promoting salivation

OBJECTIVES: In order to determine the active sites for salivation of various tachykinins, the regulatory roles of the N-terminal portion of various newly-synthesized tachykinins were studied after i.p. injection of rats using the submandibular glands as model organs. METHODS: N-shortened oligopeptides from kassinin, eledoisin, neurokinins A (NKA) and NKB were synthesized by the multipin peptide synthesis method. Amino acids were eliminated one by one to form octa- to undeca-peptides adjoining the inactive or less active heptapeptides and various heptapeptides, in which an amino acid in position 8 (Xaa8), numbering as in an undecapeptide, was replaced with Tyr, Phe, Ile or Val. RESULTS: The N-terminal amino acids in positions 1 to 4 could be activators or inhibitors, depending on whether the C-terminal heptapeptide was inactive or less active. The Xaa8 residue, in combination with amino acids in positions 5 and 6, seemed to be very important in determining the sialogogic activity of a heptapeptide. The discrimination between NKA and NKB appeared due to the N-terminal amino acid sequence in positions I to 4 including Phe or Ser in position 6. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the N-terminal amino acids in positions I to 4 serve as either activators or inhibitors depending upon the sialogogic activity of the C-terminal heptapeptide, in which particular amino acids in positions 5, 6 and 8 regulate its activity.     

慢性牙周炎活动期龈下菌斑胰蛋白酶样酶活性与龈沟出血指数的关系

目的：初步探讨慢性牙周炎活动期龈下菌斑胰蛋白酶样酶活性与龈沟出血指数之间的关系，为临床牙周病活动期的诊断提供依据。方法：记录慢性牙周炎活动期牙周袋龈沟出血指数，并采集龈下菌斑标本进行胰蛋白酶样酶检测试验。结果：不同分值的龈沟出血指数所对应的胰蛋白酶样酶检测试验A600nm检测值的差异有统计学意义，经Spearman秩相关检验r=0．718，P＜0．05。结论：龈沟出血指数与牙周袋内胰蛋白酶样酶的水平呈正相关。胰蛋白酶样酶检测试验为临床牙周病活动期的诊断提供更直观的客观参考指标。     

UHPLC-MS/MS同时测定黄芩清热除痹胶囊中6种活性成分

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定黄芩清热除痹胶囊中6种成分（黄芩苷、栀子苷、木犀草素、齐墩果酸、薏苡素、苦杏仁苷）含量的方法。方法 采用Phenomenex Luna Omega C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.6 μm）,以含10 mmol/L甲酸铵的0.1%甲酸水溶液（A）-0.1%甲酸的乙腈（B）为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,柱温为30 ℃,流速为0.25 mL/min,进样量5 μL,分析时间10 min。采用电喷雾离子源,以多反应监测模式在负离子条件下进行检测。结果 所测6种活性成分在测定浓度范围内线性关系良好（r≥0.999 0）,精密度、稳定性和重复性良好,平均加样回收率为98.62%~103.7%,RSD≤2.70%。结论 该方法准确度高、分析速度快、检测限低、重复性高,适用于黄芩清热除痹胶囊质量控制。     

变形模型在冠状动脉二维运动跟踪中的应用

本文提出一种采用变形模型对X射线造影图像序列中的冠状动脉血管进行运动跟踪的方法.首先采用多尺度高斯滤波对造影图像序列进行预处理,将血管区域从背景中提取出来,灰度图像被转化成二值图像.然后,采用改进的离散活动轮廓模型对图像序列进行感兴趣血管段的运动跟踪,其中模型的初始位置是自动获取的.通过在外部能量中引入对端点的灰度相似度和对中间点的运动相似度的测量,有效地避免了模型沿血管收缩或漂移的现象.同时为了保证模型的连续性和光滑性,降低变形结果对权重参数的敏感性,在每次变形结束后对模型进行重新采样.对临床得到的造影序列进行了实验,结果证明了方法的可行性.     

基于level sets的医学图像分割

医学图像分割是一个非常重要的研究领域.它主要应用于病人诊断、图像引导手术,以及医学数据可视化.解决这个问题的一个常用方法就是利用活动轮廓或"snake"来分割感兴趣的物体.文中给出两种活动轮廓模型,其中一种基于边缘停止函数,而另一种是一个能量最小化算法.两种方法都采用level-sets模型,利用一个Lipschitz函数φ来进行自动拓扑变化.实验表明第一种方法仅仅只能检测边缘梯度较大的物体,而第二种方法没有这样的限制.     

灯心草镇静作用活性部位的研究

目的确定灯心草镇静作用的活性部位。方法灯心草部位提取物的制备主要采用溶剂法,灯心草全草先用95%的乙醇提取,得到的提取物进一步用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和甲醇依次提取,得到极性由小到大的4个提取部位。活性筛选采用常规的镇静催眠实验,观察灯心草提取物对小鼠自主活动的影响以及在戊巴比妥钠协同下对小鼠睡眠时间的影响。结果灯心草95%乙醇提取物有确切的镇静和催眠作用,在乙醇提取物的4个不同极性的部位中,乙酸乙酯部分的镇静作用最为确切。结论首次确定了灯心草的乙酸乙酯部分是镇静作用的有效部位。在此基础上,可以更深入探讨灯心草镇静作用的有效成分或成分群以及镇静作用的特点。     

《伤寒杂病论》汤剂与3 509首现代汤剂药味、用量比较

目的比较《伤寒杂病论》汤剂经方与现代中医汤剂处方的药物组成、用量。方法计算221首经方平均药物组成;按照不同剂量折算标准,结合对不规范用量药物的量化折算,对205首经方汤剂剂量进行古今折算,计算经方平均药物用量;随机抽取东直门医院、河南中医学院第一附属医院3 d门诊汤剂处方,上海龙华医院1 d门诊汤剂处方,计算处方平均药物组成、用量,与经方比较。结果3家医院平均处方药味较经方明显增多,有显著差异,P＜0．05;现代处方平均用量与经方大剂量折算用量无明显差异,经方小剂量折算用量明显小于现代处方用量。结论与经方相比,现代中医处方药味明显增加;不同折算经方用量与现代中医处方相比,经方单味药物用量较大,即经方组方药少量大,现代处方则是药多量小。经方药物组成、用量值得深入研究。     

中药活性成分单用及联合化疗药物抗肿瘤研究进展

恶性肿瘤是威胁人类健康的一类重大慢性疾病,目前化疗仍是治疗肿瘤的主要手段,但化疗在治疗肿瘤的同时会对机体产生一系列不同程度的损伤。随着分离技术和药效机制评价方法的快速发展,越来越多新型中药的活性成分被发现具有抗肿瘤作用。该文通过查阅大量国内外文献,针对中药活性成分发挥抗肿瘤作用及作用机制进行综述,并对目前中药有效成分单用及与化疗药物联合应用的现状进行分析,以期为中药进一步抗肿瘤及临床研究提供参考。